Chicken|How to make money in poultry Business|š¤š£šš„š|watch till the end!
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Chicken
Domesticated over 7400 years ago, theĀ chickenĀ belongs to theĀ GalliformesĀ order and is believed to have originated from the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) with some hybridisation with theĀ grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii).
Ancestry: the jungle fowl
Jungle fowl are predominantly ground dwelling birds living in areas with dense overhead vegetation. Social groups typically consist of one male with up to four females and their chicks, although larger groups of up to 20 birds can form in more open environments. Other males are either solitary or form unisexual groups of two or three birds. Family groups have a well-defined home range and a regular roosting location.
Flocks spend the majority of the day on the ground and generally only roost at night or in response to perceived danger. Foraging for food comprises up to 75% of their activity during the day. Maintaining plumage condition through preening and dust-bathing is also a consistent daily activity as the dust absorbs extra oil and subsequently falls off. The breeding season varies but is generally in the spring and summer in temperate zones, where breeding is stimulated by increasing day length and halted by decreasing day length in autumn. Breeding is all year round in tropical areas.
Jungle fowl are ground layers, hens select a nest site that is a well concealed hollow that may or may not be lined with grass or leaves. They lay a āclutchā (a set of eggs produced or incubated at one time) of five to eight eggs. They then become broody (physiologically ready to incubate eggs after having completed egg laying) and sit on the eggs to incubate them. Hens cease to be broody and drive the chicks away when they are six to eight weeks old.
Observations of the behaviour of jungle fowl are useful in understanding the underlying behavioural drives of domestic chickens, however it has not been satisfactorily quantified how much domestication may have modified these drives. By comparison, domestic chickens are less active, have fewer social interactions, are less aggressive to would-be predators, and are less likely to go looking for foreign food sources than their wild ancestors. As a result of global spread and domestication, a large number of breeds of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) have been developed.
Since the red jungle fowl still exists in its wild state today, it is possible to compare the characteristics of the domesticated chicken with its wild ancestor. Physical changes that have resulted from domestication include increased growth rate and adult body weight, simplified plumage, earlier sexual maturity, more frequent egg laying and larger eggs. Originally found in parts of China, India, Malaysia and Indonesia, the red junglefowl has contributed the majority of the genes to the domesticated fowl. However, recent research suggests that the Grey Junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) also made a small contribution. Earliest domestication, some ten thousand years ago, was in India and Vietnam when the junglefowl were kept for their meat and eggs. It is doubtful if there are any of this species remaining in its pure form. There are four sub-species of the red junglefowl: theĀ Javan, theĀ Cochin Chinese, theĀ BurmanĀ and theĀ Tonkinese. The hen and the cock weigh only about 500g and 1100g respectively.